CONTENTS

                                                           № 2 (8), 2002

1. DIFFERENTIAL  CROSS-SECTIONS  OF  A  DOUBLE  SPIN-FLIP  IN  d+d  REACTIONS AND  SUPERMULTIPLET  POTENTIAL  MODEL  OF  THE  INTERACTION  OF  CLUSTERS

V. M. Lebedev,  V. G. Neudatchin,  B. G. Struzhko

            The experimental two-dimensional proton-proton coincidence spectra of the four-particle reaction    d + d à p + p + n + n  are simulated with regard to dominant quasi-binary  processes, viz. a quasi-free scattering of protons and final-state interaction of nucleons. Differential cross-sections ds(J,E)/dW of a deuteron charge exchange ²H(d,²n)²p reaction (0,57 ± 0.03 mb/sr at q_cm = 62,5°, 1,01 ± 0,05 mb /sr at     q_cm = 79,6°, E_cm = 11,6 MeV) and spin-isospin flip ²H(d,d*)d* one (1,1 ± 0,3 mb /sr at q_cm = 90°,           E_cm = 23,4 MeV) are defined. They are compared to the cross-sections calculated in the approach of generalized (supermultiplet) potential model where the problem of the interaction of clusters A and Β can be reduced to a set of one-channel scattering problems with potentials V^[f], where [f] are the allowed Young schemes for the system A + B.  This is important for channels with minimum total spin S, in which the nonunitary elastic scattering amplitude T_LS is the half-sum of two different amplitudes T_L^[f], which are invariant to SU(4) transformations. Inelastic amplitudes of the deuteron spin-isospin flip or charge exchange reactions are the half-difference of T_L^[f] ones. The theoretical cross-sections of inelastic processes are obtained equal 0,48, 1,61 і 0,61 mb /sr respectively.

2. THE  IMAGINARY  PART  OF  THE  NUCLEON-NUCLEUS  OPTICAL

POTENTIAL  IN  HOT  NUCLEI

V. P. Aleshin

            In the present paper, we describe a semiclassical method of calculation of the imaginary part of the nucleon-nucleus optical potential, W, in hot nuclei. A practical means to account for the temperature dependence of W in statistical particle-emission calculations is also discussed.

3. ABOUT  anomalous  ENERGY  DEPENDENCE  OF  THE  OPTICAL  POTENTIAL

FOR  ⁹Be + ²⁰⁹Bi  SYSTEM  AT  NEAR  BARRIER  ENERGIES  

Yu. A. Pozdnyakov,  K. O. Terenetsky

            It is shown that recently revealed unusual energy dependence of the optical potential, describing the elastic scattering of ⁹Be by ²⁰⁹Bi at near barrier energies, is removed when Coulomb polarization potential is introduced in the optical potential. Such optical potential has “normal” energy dependence and satisfy to dispersion relation at strong absorption radius. Calculation of “fusion” (complete + incomplete fusion) and total peripheral reaction cross sections also indicate necessity of inclusion Coulomb polarization potential in the optical potential when analyzing elastic scattering differential cross sections for ⁹Be + ²⁰⁹Bi system at near barrier energies.

4. KINETIC  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ISOVECTOR  DIPOLE  EXCITATIONS  IN  HOT  NUCLEI

V. I. Abrosimov,  O. I. Davidovskaya

            Semiclassical model based on the solution of the Vlasov kinetic equation for finite Fermi-systems with a moving surface is generalized for the description of the collective excitations of hot nuclei. The temperature effects are taken into account in the collision integral in the relaxation time approximation and in the equilibrium distribution function. It is found that the width of giant dipole resonance increases when the temperature grows in the approximation of rare collisions between nucleons. It is shown that the increase of the width is mainly due to the temperature dependence of the collision term.

5. MEASUREMENT  OF  ISOMERIC  RATIOS  IN  ²³²Th  PHOTOFISSION  PRODUCTS

O. A. Bezsheyko,  V. A. Zheltonozhsky,  I. N. Kadenko,  N. V. Strilchuk

            Measurement of activity of ²³²Th photofission products with T_1/2 = 1 min ¸ 10 h has been carried out using g-spectroscopy technique. The targets were irradiated by bremsstrahlung g-quanta from Mevatron KD2 linear electron accelerator with boundary energy of 23 MeV. Using obtained data about photofission fragments yield isomeric ratios for ¹¹⁷In, ¹³⁰Sb, ¹³³Te, ^134gI and ¹³⁵Xe nuclei have been measured for the first time at boundary energy of 23 MeV. For the first time mean angular momenta for mentioned above nuclei at ²³²Th photofission have been determined.

6. THREE-CLUSTER  VARIANT  OF  THE  ALGEBRAIC  VERSION  OF  RESONATING  GROUP  METHOD  AND  ITS  APPLICATION  TO  THE  BOUND  STATE  PROPERTIES  STUDY  OF  ⁶He  AND  ⁸He  NUCLEI

V. S. Vasilevsky,  A. B. Nesterov,  F. Arickx,  P. Van Louwen

            Microscopic model for three-cluster configuration of light nuclei has been formulated in the frameworks of resonating group method in its algebraic version. The model has been applied for the groundstates of ⁶He and ⁸He in configuration of α-particle plus two n-clusters and α-particle plus two ²n-clusters. The results have been obtained emphasize the importance of three-cluster moving mode for adequate description of nuclear properties, especially neutron halo.

7. STUDY  OF  THE  ³H(³H, 2n)⁴He  AND  ³He(³He, 2p)⁴He  REACTIONS  IN  THE FRAMEWORK  OF  THREE-CLUSTER  MICROSKOPIC  MODEL

V. S. Vasilevsky,  A. V. Nesterov,  F. Arickx,  J. Broeckhove

            The reactions ³H(³H, 2n)⁴He and ³He(³He, 2p)⁴He are investigated within a fully microscopic cluster model featuring a three-cluster exit channel. A Hyperspherical Harmonics basis is used to describe the three-cluster continuum. The resulting astrophysical s-factor of both reactions is in good agreement with experimental data. Analysis of the low-energy scattering parameters reveals no evidence for a hidden resonance state would increase the cross-section of the reactions, and would help to resolve the solar neutrino problem.

8. “SHAKE-OFF”  ACCOUNT  OF  EFFECTS  FROM  A  BETA-DECAY  AT  DETERMINATION  OF  INTERNAL  CONVERSION  COEFFICIENTS  DUE  TO   SECONDARY 

ELECTRON  RADIATION

N. F. Mitrokhovich

            By means of selection coincidence of g-quantums with the secondary electrons (е_o-electrons) and    b-particles (gbе_o-coincidences) and special geometry of measurements the formation of е_o-electrons from electrons of “shake-off” accompanying b-decay is chosen and its output is determined. Influence of this additional source of е_o-electrons formation on the accuracy of the internal conversion coefficient determination is estimated, when the output of е_o-electrons from electrons of conversion is defined on the output of е_o-electrons from b-particles.

9. MATHEMATICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ELECTRICAL  FIELDS  FOR  THE  BUNCHING BEAMS  AT  THE  RF-ACCELERATORS

M. E. Dolinska,  N. L. Doroshko,  O. K. Zaichenko

            The simple analytical expressions for the potential and electrical field strength for the accelerating particle bunches with such configurations as: spherical bunches with parabolic density ions distributions and elliptical bunches with homogeneous and parabolic density ions distributions are obtained. The values of these parameters are calculated for the typical bunches of the accelerators. The calculated electrical field strengths for the bunches with parabolic density ions distributions are closed to the real values.

10. IMPROVEMENT  OF  OPERATIONAL  EFFECTIVENESS CRITERIA  OF  WWER-1000

FUEL  LOADING

A. A. Korennoj,  N. A. Fridman

            Based on the examples of typical fuel cycles of WWER-1000 reactor the approaches and criteria allowing to perform the evaluation of effectiveness are considered. Particular attention is focused on the fact that during the operation of fuel loading the average level of reactor heat power is lower to nominal.

11. PHYSICALLY  LARGE  PRESSURISED  WATER  REACTOR  NEUTRON  FIELD  STABILITY INCREASE  METHOD

А. A. Korennoj

            The approximate decision analysis of the task of optimum reactor control during the xenon transient processes is carried out on an example WWER-1000. The opportunities of the earlier developed power distribution given offset maintenance algorithm are investigated.

12. FLEXIBLE  HEAT  TEMPERATURE  INSULATION  FOR  NUCLEAR  POWER

O. A. Shilova,  S. V. Hashkovsky,  V. A. Krotikov,  V. V. Shilov

            The offered paper bases on long-term authors’ experience on creation of thin heat-temperature electric insulating glass-ceramic coatings by means of a sol-gel method. The features of sol-gel systems based on tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) used for formation of coatings on metals and alloys are considered. Two variants of coatings preparation which are developed to increase their flexibility without deterioration of electrical parameters are described. The physical and chemical processes during high-temperature treatment are analyzed. The results of the tests of electro-physical parameters of the coatings and the perspective of their use for flexible heat temperature electric insulation of wires are discussed, including needs of nuclear power.

13. THE  DEPENDENCE  OF  ELECTROPHYSICAL  PROPERTIES  OF

HIGH-RESISTANCE  n-SI,  GROWN  BY  VARIOUS  METHODS  ON  FAST-PILE NEUTRONS  FLUENCE

О. P. Dolgolenko,  P. G. Litovchenko,  О. P. Litovchenko,  V. F. Lastovetsky

            Silicon n-type samples with resistivity ~2.5 × 10³ Om × cm grown by the method of the floating-zone (FZ) in vacuum, in argon atmosphere (Ar) received by the method of transmutation doping (NTD) are investigated at room temperature before and after irradiation by fast-pile neutrons. Our experimental studies has shown that the radiation hardness of n-type silicon is determined in the first place by the introduction rate of the defect clusters and then already by the introduction rate of point defects in conducting matrix of n-Si. The effective concentration of carriers, measured at room temperature, is determined in the framework of Gossick's model taking into account the recharges of defects both in conducting matrix of n-Si and in the space-charge region of defect clusters. The temperature dependence of the concentration of carriers in conducting matrix of n-Si is simulated with constant introduction rate of two acceptor levels at                (E_c – 0,43 eV) and (E_c – 0,315 eV) under the calculating of the dependence dose of effective concentration of carriers. Our research has shown that neutron-transmutation-doped n-Si, grown by the method of a floating-zone in argon atmosphere possess the increased radiation hardness.

14. KINETICS  OF  DEFECTS  ACCUMULATION  IN  CONDUCTING  MATRIX  OF  n-Si, IRRADIATED  BY  FAST-PILE  NEUTRONS  FLUENCE

A. P. Dolgolenko,  P. G. Litovchenko,  M. D. Varentsov,  V. F. Lastovetsky

            High-resistivity neutron-transmutation-doped n‑Si (NTD) have been grown by a method of a floating-zone melting in the atmosphere of argon after irradiation with different doses of fast-pile neutrons is investigated. The temperature dependences of effective concentration of carriers after irradiation are calculated. The calculation was carried out in the framework of Gossick`s model taking into account the recharges of defects both in conducting matrix of n‑Si and in the space-charge region of defect clusters. It is shown that the average radius of defect clusters increases with irradiation dose growth. The introduction rate of divacancies in the conducting matrix of n‑Si (NTD) is five times less than in n‑Si (FZ). During the repeated transmutation doping of such silicon to concentration of carriers ~ 10¹⁴ cm^-3, the repeated irradiation by fast-pile neutrons has shown that the introduction rate of divacancies has decreased approximately for two times. It is possible to assume that in neutron-transmutation-doped n‑Si after recovery annealing recombination centres of divacancies are remained.

15. LOW  FREQUENCE  TURBULENCE  IN  HELICON  PLASMA

V. F. Virko,  G. S. Kirichenko,  K. P. Shamrai

            Spectra of oscillations in a dense plasma of the short helicon source excited at the frequency 13,56 MHz were investigated. It was shown that the nonlinear interaction between high frequency pumping and the plasma resulted in arise of a low frequency turbulence (in the range of 1 MHz). Excitation thresholds depending on a power deposition and a magnetic field strength were estimated. Phase velocities and waves, as well as their spatial correlation properties were measured. The turbulent pulsations were identified to be the ion-sound waves. Their spatial distribution in the discharge volume were measured. Several mechanisms of the ion-plasma turbulence excitations were analyzed theoretically and numerically estimated. It was shown that in the given experimental conditions the decay instability of electrostatic oscillations had the most efficiency.

16. The  comparATIVE  analysis  of  gene  expression  between  NORMAL  AND MORPHOLOGICALLY  ABNORMAL  NEEDLES  OF  SCOTS  PINE  GROWING  IN  THE CHERNOBYL  EXCLUSION  ZONE

L. B. Zelena,  B. V. Sorochinsky

            The comparative analysis of 373 genes expression between normal and morphologically abnormal needles of Scots pine growing in the Chernobyl Exclusion zone was carried out. Differences among genes expression of genes number were revealed, the increasing of expression level of genes coding ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and ascorbate peroxidase was registered.

17. DISTINCTIONS  IN  ACCUMULATION  OF  ¹³⁷Cs  BY  OBLIGATORY  AND FACULTATIVE  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  ECOLOGICAL  GROUP  OF  MUSHROOMS-SYMBIOTROPHES

N. E. Zarubina,  O. L. Zarubin

            On the research area (the alienation zone of ChNPP and “southern trace”) the content of ¹³⁷Cs in the facultative representative of ecological group of symbiotrophes – Paxillus involutus thin exceeded the content of this radionuclide in obligatory kinds (Suillus luteus, Xerocomus badius etc.) in 2 - 20 times during the period of 1986 - 1998 - 2000. For the last years the levels of accumulation of radiocesium in P. involutus in the alienation zone of ChNPP have decreased and in 2001 do not exceed (at some polygons in 2 - 5 times below) of ¹³⁷Cs content in obligatory kinds. Such features of ¹³⁷Cs accumulation by P. involutus are connected to the place of localization of this kind mycelium - the layer of the forest litter, which in turn is the consequence of display of facultativness of this kind in substratum nutritious choice.

18. Radioecological  consequence  of  Chernobyl  Nuclear  Power  Plant water  cooler  pond  DISCHARGE

D. V. Lukashov

            Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant water cooler pond discharge consequence has been analyzed: the remaining reservoir’s area and depth, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr activity on the drainage area. Scheme of water cooler pond discharge has been proposed, that will allow considerable decrease the radioactivity pollution of these areas.

19. The  variations  of  the  accumulation  coefficients  of  the  radionuclides  DUE  TO  biodestruction  of  the  fuel  particles

T. N. Lashko,  A. P. Lashko

            Results of the vegetation and field experiments on studying the influence of soil biota on ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr accumulation by some agricultural plants from the soils of north (fuel) trace are presented. Data on three cultures (sugar-beet, clover, cabbage) and two strains of two soil micromycetes have been obtained. These results are the evidence of the fact that soil micobiota can be the factor which allows to change the intensity of radionuclide migration in the system “soil - plant” (by increasing or decreasing it).

20. ARBUSCULAR  MYCORRHIZAL  FUNGI  FROM  THE  CHERNOBYL  EXCLUSION  ZONE AND  THEIR  POSSIBLE  INFLUENCE  TO  THE  ACCUMULATION  OF 

RADIONUCLIDES  BY  PLANTS

A. V. Kripka,  A. M. Kuchma,  B. V. Sorochynsky

            More then 30 plants species from the Chernobyl exclusion zone have been analyzed and plant samples with high level of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) colonization were selected. Spores of AM fungi have isolated from the rhizosphere of those plants, which had high accumulation abilities related to the radionuclides and were high AM colonized as well. These AM spores are used to produce inocula in order of it’s forthcoming application in the phytoremediation activity.

21. Studying  of  some  growth  and  trophic  features  of  fungi  that

ARE  able  to  grow  activeLY  in  THE  ChNPP  4-th  block  conditions

N. N. Zhdanova,  Yu. V. Blazhеevskaya,  V. V. Vember

            Growth parameters of fungi that previously considered as active growing in conditions of ChNPP 4-th block ChNPP were studied. Such growth parameters were radial growth velocity, hyphal growth unit (HGU) and also intensity of colonization of substratum. All experiments were made on 2 types of nutrient medium: optimal medium malt agar and starving agar. Two types of radioactive substrates colonization by fungi were identified. The growth of main species-biodestructor Cladosporium sphaerospermum on other concentrations of glucose was investigated and its ability to fixation of carbonic acid form air and oligotrophia were shown. The trophic relations of main species-biodestructor Cladosporium sphaerospermum and two species that constantly were isolated with it were also studied. It was shown that fungi that previously considered as active growing in conditions of ChNPP 4-th block are really those.

22. ROLE  OF  ENDOPHYTIC  FUNGI  IN  THE  MIGRATION  OF  THE RADIONUCLIDES  IN  THE  VASCULAR  PLANTS  OF  THE  UKRAINIAN 

POLESYE  SPHAGNIOPRATUM

N. N. Zhdanova,  E. V. Sokolova,  I. N. Kurchenko,  A. A. Orlov

            It is known that the specific activity of ¹³⁷Cs in vegetative phytomass of cranberry and sphagnum in oligotrophic conditions of Ukrainian Polessye forest sphagniopratum amounts 5000 – 10000 Bq/kg of air-dry weight. Roots of cranberry in natural conditions never run up to peat and mainly are located in top layer of the sphagnum top which is sodden by a water, but specific activity of the radionuclide in swamp water is low (2 – 10 Bq/l). It was supposed that mycorrhizal and endophytic micromycetes take an essential part in transferring the mineral substances and ¹³⁷Cs from sphagnum mosses to ericoid plants under oligotrophic swamp conditions. Endophytic fungi from vascular plants were not investigated in Ukraine. The article is devoted to the estimation of distribution of endophytic fungi in plants which are dominants of the plant cover of sphagniopratum. 47 species of micromycetes which belong to 27 genera were identified. For moss and ericoid plants five mutual species of endophytic fungi was detected.

23. UV-B-IRRADIATION  EFFECT  ON  GROWTH  REACTIONS  OF  PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS  FUSARIUM  SOLANI

M. I. Guscha,  A. I. Dyachenko,  A. P. Dmitriev

            The UV-B irradiation effect on spore germination and hyphae growth of phythopathogenic fungus Fusarium solani was studied. Spores irradiation by small doses of 0,1 - 1,0 kJ/m² results in growth stimulation of primary hyphae. Adaptive effect of UV-B small doses for fungi was shown. Preliminary irradiation in doses of 0,1 - 0,5 kJ/m² increased spore radioresistance and diminished the effect of the next damaging dose.

24. THE  METHOD  OF  ⁹⁰Sr  CONCENTRATION  MEASUREMENT  IN  BIOLOGICAL  OBJECTS AND  SOIL  SAMPLES  WITHOUT  RADIOCHEMISTRY

М. D. Bondarkov,  D. M. Bondarkov,  V. А. Zheltonozhsky,  L. V. Sadovnikov,

А. М. Maksimenko,  N. V. Strilchuk

            Following is the description of the methods of ⁹⁰Sr non-radiochemical measurement, which are based on beta and gamma spectrum measurement which are applicable both for life-time measurement in small biological objects (mice, frogs etc.) and also for routine radioecological research of the contamination of soil, flora etc. with radiostrontium. The comparison of the described methods with standard radiochemical ones for biological and soil samples of Red Forest was carried out. It is shown that proper correlation of both methods results were obtained.

25. PHYTOREMEDIATION  TECHNOLOGY:  DYNAMIC  PECULIARITIES

AND  PERSPECTIVES  OF  FURTHER  DEVELOPMENT

A. P. Kravets,  Yu. A. Pavlenko

            Dynamic peculiarities of soil phytoremediation have been investigated by means of mathematic models of radionuclide migration into system “soil - plant”, “soil- many years' crops”. Modern possibilities and efficiency of phytoremediation technology has been estimated. It is calculated that only the increase of annual radionuclide release to 2 - 3 % permit to avoid the pollutant delay into topsoil during the first 8 - 10 years after fallout.

26. PLANT’S  ADAPTIVE  RESPONSE  UNDER  UV-B-RADIATION  INFLUENCE

O. A. Danilchenko,  D. M. Grodzinsky

            Reduction of ozone layer, owing to anthropogenic contamination of an atmosphere results in increase of intensity of UV-radiation and shift of its spectrum in the short-wave side that causes strengthening of various biological effects of irradiation. Consequences of these processes may include increase of injuring of plants and decrease of productivity of agricultural crops to increased UV levels. The important significance in the plant’s adaptation to different unfavorable factors has the plant’s radioadaptive answer. It has been shown that radioadaptation of plants occurred not only after irradiation with g-radiation in low doses but after UV-rays action . Reaction of radioadaptation it seems to be nonspecific phenomenon in relation to type radiations.

27. REGULARITY  of  mortality  and  life  span  of  the experimental  animals  under  the  exposure  OF  protracted  internal  irradiation  with  radionuclides  of  ¹³⁷Cs  and  ⁹⁰Sr

V. M. Indyk,  Ya. I. Serkiz,  A. I. Lypska,  A. V. Alistratov,  I. P. Drozd,

T. B. Gerasimova,  T. N. Dudchenko

            It has been shown that exposure to protracted low intense irradiation with low doses, caused by radionuclides (¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr) has negative influence on survival indices and expected life span in different groups according to age. Mortality of irradiated animals is mainly caused by development of pathological processes of intumor oridgin. The frequency of radiation induced tumors is the same with intact control.

28. RESEARCH  OF  POSSIBILITIES  TO  DECREASE  GENETIC  CONSEQUENCES  OF PROLONGED  EXPOSURE  OF  EXPERIMENTAL  ANIMALS  TO  RADIATION IN  THE  CHORNOBYL  NPP  ZONE  BY  MEANS  OF  FLAMIKAR

Z. D. Savtsova,  O. Yu. Yudina,  I. M. Voieykova,  N. I. Fedosova,  L. M. Evstratieva,

S. A. Kovbasiuk,  V. M. Indyk,  L. P. Kuprash

            Permanent exposure of experimental animals to irradiation in the Chernobyl NPP zone was shown to have genetic consequences. One manifestation of these is the reduced viability and physiological deficiency in progeny, including deficiency of the immune system. As a counter to this, it was shown that progeny of F₁ – F₃ whose parents (males or both males and females) were given Flamikar, polyextraction from ashberries, did not differ considerably from control in terms of birth rate and early postnatal death. Moreover, these animals showed neither significant alterations of discrete immunologic characteristics nor changes in their anti-viral and anti-tumor resistance was not affected. The obtained results proved that Flamikar is promising as a means to reduce the adverse effect of prolonged exposure to combined irradiation.

29. SENSITIVITY  TO  GENOTOXIC  EFFECTS  OF  BLEOMYCIN  OF  BLOOD  LYMPHOCYTES OF  PEOPLE  RESIDING  IN  VILLAGES  OF  CHNPP  EXCLUSION  ZONE

T. V. Tsyganok

            On purpose of comparative determination of cell repair system activity of people residing without permission in the villages of ChNPP exclusion zone and of Yahotyn district, Kiev region (control group) the chromosome sensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes to genotoxic effect of bleomycin in vitro was studied. Chromatid break frequency per cell was a criterium for the estimation. It was found a significantly higher sensitivity to bleomycin in ChNPP exclusion zone self-settlers’ group due to cell reaction of people younger than 60. For the elderly people there was revealed no significant difference.

30. THE  CRACOW  SCANNING  NUCLEAR  MICROPROBE:

RESEARCH  POSSIBILITIES  AND  ELEMENT  MICROANALYSIS

S. Lebed,  J. Lekki,  A. Potempa,  Z. Stachura,  J. Styczen,  P.Osyczka

            A new micro analytical setup based on the scanning nuclear microprobe (MP) was constructed in the Institute of Nuclear Physics (INP) in Cracow, Poland in the framework of Polish-Ukrainian scientific and technical collaboration. The particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique is installed on the MP. The PIXE spectra and corresponding two-dimensional distribution maps (250 ´ 250 mm²) of chemical elements in thin (80 - 150 mm) sections of the lichen Xanthoria parietina were obtained. Heterogeneity of several elements (trace elements, in particular) distributions is clearly visualized in the maps. The obtained results show that micro-PIXE method can be extremely useful in the investigations of physiological and biochemical processes in a tissue of biological sample as well as in biomonitoring of air quality. The potential possibilities of the Cracow MP are described in the paper.

31. UTALIZATION  OF  dE/dx ~ Eⁿ/a  DEPENDENCE  FOR  DЕ - Е-SPECTROMETER CALIBRATION

O. K. Gorpinich,  O. M. Povoroznyk,  O. O. Jachmenjov

            The method of calibration of DЕ – Е-spectrometers by the use of known empiric form dE/dx ~ Eⁿ/a which describes the specific energy loss of charge particles in the matter for energy calibration of                DЕ - Е-spectrometer was designed.

32. EXPERIMENTAL  SETUP  FOR  the  NUCLEAR  REACTION  studies

at  the  WARSAW  CYCLOTRON  U-200P

V. K. Chernievsky,  K. Rusek,  A. Budzanowski,  A. T. Rudchik,  J. Dworsky,

L. Zemło,  V. M. Kyryanchuk,  S. Kliczewski,  E. I. Koshchy,  S. Yu. Mezhevych,

V. Melczarek,  I. Skwirczyńska,  R. Siudak,  B. Czech

            The experimental setup for the heavy ion nuclear reaction research at the Warsaw cyclotron   U-200P is described. Setup construction, method and control for beam formation on the target, parameters of spectrometers, electronics and computer acquisition system as well as isotope and energy resolutions of the setup are represented in this article.